Notes
1Peter Levine, We Are the Ones We Have Been Waiting For: The Promise of Civic Renewal in America, New York: Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 94-96.
2Hannah Arendt, On Revolution, New York: Penguin Classics, 2006, p. 247.
3Robert J. Sampson, Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.
4Robert J. Sampson, Stephen W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls, “Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy,” Science, 277, 1997, pp. 918-924.
5Robert D. Putnam, “Community-Based Social Capital and Educational Performance,” in Diane Ravitch and Joseph P. Viteritti, eds., Making Good Citizens: Education and Civil Society, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001, pp. 58-95.
6Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, and Emmanuel Saez, “Where Is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129, 2014, pp. 1553-1623.
7Kei Kawashima-Ginsberg, Chaeyoon Lim, and Peter Levine, “Civic Health and Unemployment II: The Case Builds,” National Conference on Citizenship, 2012.
8Kent Portney, “Civic Engagement and Sustainable Cities in the United States,” Public Administration Review, 65, 2005, pp. 579-591.
9Lex Borghans, Bas ter Weel, and Bruce A. Weinberg, “People People: Social Capital and the Labor-Market Outcomes of Underrepresented Groups,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 11985, 2006.
10Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, New York: Free Press, 1995.
11Robert D. Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993. See also Jeffrey M. Berry, Kent E. Portney, and Kenneth Thomson, The Rebirth of Urban Democracy, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993; Kent E. Portney and Jeffrey M. Berry, “Participation and the Pursuit of Sustainability in U.S. Cities,” Urban Affairs Review, 46, 2010, pp. 119-139.
12Ralph Ketcham, Framed for Posterity: The Enduring Philosophy of the Constitution, Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 1993, p. 100.
13Woodrow Wilson, The New Freedom: A Call for the Emancipation of the Generous Energies of a People, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1913.
14Sean Safford, Why the Garden Club Couldn’t Save Youngstown: The Transformation of the Rust Belt, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009.
15Jean M. Twenge, W. Keith Campbell, and Nathan T. Carter, “Declines in Trust in Others and Confidence in Institutions Among American Adults and Late Adolescents, 1972-2012,” Psychological Science, 25, 2014, pp. 1914-1923.
16Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS), “Volunteering and Civic Life in America 2015."
17Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) and National Conference on Citizenship, “Civic Life in America: Key Findings on the Civic Health of the Nation,” September 2010.
18Kawashima-Ginsberg, Lim, and Levine, “Civic Health and Unemployment II.”
19Melody Barnes and Paul Schmitz, “Community Engagement Matters (Now More Than Ever),” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2016.
