Notes
1 While the global market for auditing services was an estimated $217.7 billion in 2020, the corresponding number for the nonfinancial assurance market is not known, in part because of the current market’s varied and imprecise nature.
Donna Carmichael is a PhD candidate in financial sociology at the London School of Economics and Political Science in London, England. Her research focuses on the role of investors and corporate governance in advancing sustainable and equitable financial systems.
Kazbi Soonawalla is a senior research fellow in accounting at the Saïd Business School and a Tutorial Fellow in Management at Keble College, University of Oxford. She is interested in capital-markets research in financial reporting and disclosure, as well as in sustainability, governance, and management controls.
Judith C. Stroehle is assistant professor of sustainability governance at University of St. Gallen in Switzerland. She researches and teaches to build bridges between accounting and sustainability. Together with colleagues, she cofounded the Oxford Initiative on Rethinking Performance in 2020.