After the noble aspirations of post-Civil War Reconstruction to build a unified nation faded into the squalid Gilded Age of corruption and exploitation at the dawn of the 20th century, the United States found itself riven by economic inequality and politically paralyzed by partisan polarization. Early 20th-century America was a land of astounding technological progress and great wealth, but the majority of the population suffered in bleak conditions. Politics, rather than redressing the economic…

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