Notes
1 For reviews of research on multi-stakeholder partnerships, see James Austin and May Seitanidi, “A Review of Partnering Between Nonprofits and Businesses: Part 1. Value Creation Spectrum and Collaboration Stages,” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 41, 2012; and John Bryson, Barbara Crosby, and Melissa Stone, “The Design and Implementation of Cross-Sector Collaborations: Propositions From the Literature,” Public Administration Review, 66 (Supplement), 2006.
2 For further analysis of boundaries and practices that produce social transformations, see Charlene Zeitsma and Charles Lawrence, “Institutional Work in the Transformation of an Organizational Field: The Interplay of Boundary Work and Practice Work,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 55, 2010.
3 L. David Brown and Darcy Ashman, “Participation, Social Capital, and Intersectoral Problem-Solving: African and Asian Cases,” World Development, 24, 1996.
4 Steven Pierce, “Bridging Differences and Building Collaboration: The Critical Role of Leadership,” Synergos Institute, 2002; the Mirant Center for Bridging Societal Divides, Addressing Societal Divides: Stories of Bridging Leadership, Manila: Asian Institute of Management, 2011; and Peggy Dulany, “Approaching the Heart of the Matter: Personal Transformation and the Emergence of New Leadership,” Synergos Institute, 2012.
5 For discussions of Theory U, see Peter M. Senge, C. Otto Scharmer, Joseph Jaworski, and Betty Sue Flowers, Presence: Human Purpose and the Field of the Future, New York: Crown Business, 2008; and C. Otto Scharmer, Theory U: Leading From the Future as It Emerges, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2009.
L. David Brown is an independent researcher and consultant. He was formerly a lecturer in public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and a senior research fellow at Harvard’s Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations.
The author would like to thank Anna Davis, Michael Juan, Ana Karina Lopez, Namita Kumari, and Vanessa Sayers for developing the Namibia, Philippines, Ecuador, India, and South Africa case examples, respectively. He also wishes to thank Peggy Dulany, Robert Dunn, Surita Sandosham, and John Tomlinson of the Synergos Institute for their support and insight.
