Notes
1 Patricia Bromley, “The Organizational Transformation of Civil Society,” in The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook, 3rd ed., edited by Walter W. Powell and Patricia Bromley, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2020.
2 These are the numbers of organizations categorized as A, B, C, or D in the Yearbook of International Organizations.
3 Margaret Gibelman and Sheldon R. Gelman, “Very Public Scandals: An Analysis of How and Why Nongovernmental Organizations Get in Trouble,” International Society for Third-Sector Research Fourth International Conference, Dublin, July 7, 2000.
4 Alex Daniels, “How Gender Bias Creeps Into Grant Making,” The Chronicle of Philanthropy, June 4, 2019.
5 Joshua Braverman and Ryan Kaitz, “Engaging Our Elders: The Power and Potential of Senior Volunteerism,” Nonprofit Quarterly, February 18, 2021.
6 Patricia Bromley and Charlene D. Orchard, “Managed Morality: The Rise of Professional Codes of Conduct in the US Nonprofit Sector,” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, April 2015.
7 Shawn Pope et al., “The Pyramid of Nonprofit Responsibility: The Institutionalization of Organizational Responsibility Across Sectors,” Voluntas, September 17, 2018.
8 Jim Rendon, “Low Pay Hurts Nonprofits and Workers. Some Groups Are Fighting Back,” The Chronicle of Philanthropy, September 4, 2019.
Shawn Pope is associate professor of business strategy at EMLV Business School.
Patricia Bromley is an associate professor in the Graduate School of Education and Doerr School of Sustainability at Stanford University and a faculty codirector of the Stanford Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society.