Notes
1 All participants’ names in this article have been fictionalized to protect their identities.
2 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, “ICT Sector Estimate for 2015,” September 7, 2016.
3 Israel Innovation Authority and Start-Up Nation Central, High-Tech Human Capital Report 2019.
4 Eduardo Levy Yeyati, Martín Montané, and Luca Sartorio, “What Works for Active Labor Market Policies?” Center for International Development at Harvard University, Faculty Working Paper No. 358, 2019.
5 The effectiveness of wage subsidies is receiving increased recognition. A September 21, 2021, tweet from OECD Social, for example, announced that a third of OECD countries have introduced or increased hiring subsidies to help companies recruit more young people.
Linda Jakob Sadeh is a research associate at the Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and an organizational consultant. She studies and develops organizing strategies for interrupting economic and political inequalities and transforming national conflicts.
Smadar Nehab is an experienced high-tech executive who led research and development organizations in Israel and California. She is the founder of Tsofen, a nonprofit that seeks to fully integrate the Arab community in Israel into the Israeli high-tech industry. She also sits on the board of Siraj Technologies Ltd. and is actively employing high tech for social change in other ways.